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Burney, Charles. A General History of Music, 2 volumes. New York, 1935.
Engel, Carl. The Music of The Most Ancient Nations. London, 1929.
Erlanger, Baron Rodolphe. La Musique Arabe. Paris, 1930.
Erman, Adolf. Life in Ancient Egypt. New York, 1971.
Farmer, H.G. The Sources of Arabian Music. Leiden, 1965.
Farmer, H.G. Historical Facts for the Arabian Music Influence. New York, 1971.
Fétis, François Joseph. Biographie Universelle des Musiciens et Bibliographie Générale de la Musique. (Universal biography of Musicians). Bruxelles, 1837.
Gadalla, Moustafa. Egyptian Cosmology: The Animated Universe. USA, 2001.
Gadalla, Moustafa. Egyptian Harmony: The Visual Music. USA, 2000.
Gadalla, Moustafa. Egyptian Rhythm: The Heavenly Melodies. USA, 2002.
Haïk-Vantoura, Suzanne. The Music of the Bible Revealed. Tr. by Dennis Weber/Ed. by John Wheeler. Berkeley, CA, 1991.
Herodotus. The Histories. Tr. By Aubrey DeSelincourt. London, 1996.
Hickmann, Hans. Musikgeschichte in Bildern: Ägypten. Leipzig, Germany, 1961.
Hickmann, Hans. Orientalische Musik. Leiden, 1970.
Levy, Ernst and Siegmund LeVarie. Music Morphology – A discourse and dictionary. Kent, Ohio, USA, 1983.
Levy, Ernst and Siegmund LeVarie. Tone: A Study in Musical Acoustics. Kent, Ohio, USA, 1980.
Manniche, Lise. Music and Musicians in Ancient Egypt. London, 1991.
Plato. The Collected Dialogues of Plato including the Letters. Edited by E. Hamilton & H. Cairns. New York, USA, 1961.
Polin, Claire C. J. Music of the Ancient Near East. New York, 1954.
Sachs, Curt. The History of Musical Instruments. New York, 1940.
Sachs, Curt. The Rise of Music in the Ancient World. New York, 1943.
Sachs, Curt. The Wellsprings of Music. The Hague, Holland, 1962.
Siculus, Diodorus. Vol 1. Tr. by C.H. Oldfather. London, 1964.
Stanford, C.V. and Forsyth, Cecil. A History of Music. New York, 1925.
Touma, H.H. The Music of the Arabs. Portland, Oregon, USA, 1996.
Wilkinson, J. Gardner. The Ancient Egyptians: Their Life and Customs. London, 1988.
Numerous references in Arabic language.