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General
Ajayi, J.F.A. and Michael Crowder (editors), A History of West Africa, Vol. I (London, 1971).
Bovill, E.W. The Niger Explored. New York, 1968.
Chu & Skinner. A Glorious Age in Africa, 1990.
Crew, Quentin. In Search of the Sahara. New York, 1984.
Curtin, Philip D. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census (1969)
Curtin, Philip, Steven Feierman, Leonard Thompson and Jan Vansina. African History. New York and London, 1978.
Davidson, Basil. Africa: History of a Continent. London, 1966.
DeGraft-Johnson, J.C. African Glory: The Story of Vanished Negro Civilization. Baltimore, USA, 1986.
Diop, Cheikh Anta. The African Origin of Civilization. Chicago, USA, 1974.
Fage, J. D. A History of Africa. London, 1978.
Fage, J. D. A History of Africa. London, 1988.
Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, Cameroon: A Country Study. Washington DC, 1990.
Ibid, Chad.
Ibid, Côte d’Ivoire.
Ibid, Ghana.
Ibid, Guinea.
Ibid, Nigeria.
Ibid, Senegal.
Ibid, Sierra Leone.
Gailey, Harry A. Jr. History of Africa from Earliest Times to 1800 Vol. 1. Malabar, Florida, 1981.
Gramont, Sanche de. The Strong Brown God: The Story of the Niger River. USA, 1976.
Gray, Richard (ed.). Cambridge History of Africa, vol. 4, c 1600-c. 1870. Cambridge, 1975.
Grove, A. T. Africa. Oxford, 1978.
Hallett, Robin. Africa to 1875. University of Michigan Press, USA, 1970.
Hedges, James Blaine. The Browns of Providence Plantations. 1952.
Internet, Information from websites.
Johnson, Willard R. The Cameroon Federation: Political Integration in a Fragmentary Society. New Jersey, USA, 1970.
Lovejoy, Paul E., Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa, 1983.
Lovejoy, Paul E. The Volume of the Atlantic Slave Trade: a Synthesis. 1982.
Magel, Emil A. (Tr. and Annotated). Folktales from the Gambia. Boulder, CO, USA, 1984.
McKissack, Patricia and Fredrick. The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay. New York, 1994.
McNaughton, Patrick R. The Mande Blacksmiths. Indianapolis, USA, 1993.
Meek, C. K. A Sudanese Kingdom: An Ethnographical Study of the Jukun-speaking Peoples of Nigeria. London, 1931.
Meek, C. K.. Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria, Two Volumes. London, 1931.
Meek, C. K. The Northern Tribes of Nigeria, Two Volumes. London, 1971.
Middleton, John, Ed. Encyclopaedia of Africa South of the Sahara. Scribner’s, New York, 1997.
Nachtigal, Gustav. Sahara & Sudan. Translated by Allan and Murphy Fisher. USA, 1974.
Nelson, Harold D. Area Handbook for the United Republic of Cameroon. Washington DC. USA, 1974.
Ibid, Chad, 1972.
Newton, Alex. West Africa. Lonely Planet, 1992.
Oliver, Ronald (ed.). Cambridge History of Africa, vol. 3, c. 1050-c. 1600. Cambridge, 1977.
Oliver, Ronald, & Anthony Atmore. The African Middle Ages. New York, 1989.
Oliver, Ronald, & J. D. Fage. A Short History of Africa, 6th Edition. New York, 1988.
Skinner, Elliott P. The Mossi of the Upper Volta. Stanford, USA, 1964.
Skinner, Elliott P. Peoples and Cultures of Africa. New York, USA, 1973.
Wesler, Kit W., Editor. Historical Archaeology in Nigeria. Trenton, NJ, USA, 1998.
Egypt & The Nile Valley
Adams, William Y. Nubia: Corridor to Africa. Princeton University Press, NJ, USA, 1977.
Arkell, Anthony J. A History of the Sudan: From the Earliest Times to 1821. London, 1955.
Bowman, Alan K. Egypt After the Pharaohs 332 BC - AD642. USA, 1986.
Budge, Sir E.A. Wallis. Egyptian Language, Easy Lessons in Egyptian Hieroglyphics. New York, 1983.
Budge, Wallis, Osiris & The Egyptian Resurrection (2 volumes). New York, 1973.
Butler, Alfred. The Arab Invasion of Egypt and the Last 30 Years of the Roman Dominion. NY, USA, 1992.
Dafalla, Hassan. The Nubian Exodus. London, 1975.
Erman, Adolf. Life in Ancient Egypt. New York, 1971.
Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. Egypt: A Country Study, 1990, Washington DC.
Ibid, Sudan.
Gadalla, Moustafa. Historical Deception: The Untold Story of Ancient Egypt. USA, 1996.
Gadalla, Moustafa. Egyptian Cosmology: The Absolute Harmony. USA, 1997.
Gardiner, Alan. Egyptian Grammar. Oxford, 1994.
Herodotus. The Histories, translated by A. de Selincourt. New York and Harmondsworth, 1954.
James, T.G.H. An Introduction to Ancient Egypt. London, 1979.
Keating, Rex. Nubian Twilight. New York, 1963.
King, Joan Wucher. Historical Dictionary of Egypt. London, 1984.
Lambelet, Edouard. Gods and Goddesses in Ancient Egypt. Cairo, 1986.
Mango, Cyril. Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome. New York, USA, 1980.
Wayne, Scott. Egypt & The Sudan. Lonely Planet, 1990.
West, John A. The Travelers Key to Ancient Egypt. New York, 1989.
Wilkinson, Sir J. Gardner. The Ancient Egyptians, Their Life and Customs. London, 1988.
Numerous references written in Arabic.
The States of Barbary
Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. Libya: A Country Study. 1990, Washington DC.
Ibid, Mauritania. Ibid, Morocco. Ibid, Tunisia.
Nelson, Harold D. Area Handbook for the United Republic of Libya. Washington DC, USA, 1979.
Ibid, Morocco, 1978.
Wright, John. Libya. New York, 1969.